Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
MOZZER2
if you want the truth.
Three revolutionary principles
Quantum mechanics (QM) developed over many decades, beginning as a set of controversial mathematical explanations of experiments that the math of classical mechanics could not explain. It began at the turn of the 20th century, around the same time that Albert Einstein published his theory of relativity, a separate mathematical revolution in physics that describes the motion of things at high speeds. Unlike relativity, however, the origins of QM cannot be attributed to any one scientist. Rather, multiple scientists contributed to a foundation of three revolutionary principles that gradually gained acceptance and experimental verification between 1900 and 1930. They are:
Quantized properties: Certain properties, such as position, speed and color, can sometimes only occur in specific, set amounts, much like a dial that "clicks" from number to number. This challenged a fundamental assumption of classical mechanics, which said that such properties should exist on a smooth, continuous spectrum. To describe the idea that some properties "clicked" like a dial with specific settings, scientists coined the word "quantized."
Particles of light: Light can sometimes behave as a particle. This was initially met with harsh criticism, as it ran contrary to 200 years of experiments showing that light behaved as a wave; much like ripples on the surface of a calm lake. Light behaves similarly in that it bounces off walls and bends around corners, and that the crests and troughs of the wave can add up or cancel out. Added wave crests result in brighter light, while waves that cancel out produce darkness. A light source can be thought of as a ball on a stick being rhythmically dipped in the center of a lake. The color emitted corresponds to the distance between the crests, which is determined by the speed of the ball's rhythm.
Waves of matter: Matter can also behave as a wave. This ran counter to the roughly 30 years of experiments showing that matter (such as electrons) exists as particles.
Quantized properties?
In 1900, German physicist Max Planck sought to explain the distribution of colors emitted over the spectrum in the glow of red-hot and white-hot objects, such as light-bulb filaments. When making physical sense of the equation he had derived to describe this distribution, Planck realized it implied that combinations of only certain colors (albeit a great number of them) were emitted, specifically those that were whole-number multiples of some base value. Somehow, colors were quantized! This was unexpected because light was understood to act as a wave, meaning that values of color should be a continuous spectrum. What could be forbidding atoms from producing the colors between these whole-number multiples? This seemed so strange that Planck regarded quantization as nothing more than a mathematical trick. According to Helge Kragh in his 2000 article in Physics World magazine, "Max Planck, the Reluctant Revolutionary," "If a revolution occurred in physics in December 1900, nobody seemed to notice it. Planck was no exception …"
Planck's equation also contained a number that would later become very important to future development of QM; today, it's known as "Planck's Constant."
Quantization helped to explain other mysteries of physics. In 1907, Einstein used Planck's hypothesis of quantization to explain why the temperature of a solid changed by different amounts if you put the same amount of heat into the material but changed the starting temperature.
Since the early 1800s, the science of spectroscopy had shown that different elements emit and absorb specific colors of light called "spectral lines." Though spectroscopy was a reliable method for determining the elements contained in objects such as distant stars, scientists were puzzled about why each element gave off those specific lines in the first place. In 1888, Johannes Rydberg derived an equation that described the spectral lines emitted by hydrogen, though nobody could explain why the equation worked. This changed in 1913 when Niels Bohr applied Planck's hypothesis of quantization to Ernest Rutherford's 1911 "planetary" model of the atom, which postulated that electrons orbited the nucleus the same way that planets orbit the sun. According to Physics 2000 (a site from the University of Colorado), Bohr proposed that electrons were restricted to "special" orbits around an atom's nucleus. They could "jump" between special orbits, and the energy produced by the jump caused specific colors of light, observed as spectral lines. Though quantized properties were invented as but a mere mathematical trick, they explained so much that they became the founding principle of QM.
Particles of light?
In 1905, Einstein published a paper, "Concerning an Heuristic Point of View Toward the Emission and Transformation of Light," in which he envisioned light traveling not as a wave, but as some manner of "energy quanta." This packet of energy, Einstein suggested, could "be absorbed or generated only as a whole," specifically when an atom "jumps" between quantized vibration rates. This would also apply, as would be shown a few years later, when an electron "jumps" between quantized orbits. Under this model, Einstein's "energy quanta" contained the energy difference of the jump; when divided by Planck’s constant, that energy difference determined the color of light carried by those quanta.
With this new way to envision light, Einstein offered insights into the behavior of nine different phenomena, including the specific colors that Planck described being emitted from a light-bulb filament. It also explained how certain colors of light could eject electrons off metal surfaces, a phenomenon known as the "photoelectric effect." However, Einstein wasn't wholly justified in taking this leap, said Stephen Klassen, an associate professor of physics at the University of Winnipeg. In a 2008 paper, "The Photoelectric Effect: Rehabilitating the Story for the Physics Classroom," Klassen states that Einstein's energy quanta aren't necessary for explaining all of those nine phenomena. Certain mathematical treatments of light as a wave are still capable of describing both the specific colors that Planck described being emitted from a light-bulb filament and the photoelectric effect. Indeed, in Einstein's controversial winning of the 1921 Nobel Prize, the Nobel committee only acknowledged "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect," which specifically did not rely on the notion of energy quanta.
Roughly two decades after Einstein's paper, the term "photon" was popularized for describing energy quanta, thanks to the 1923 work of Arthur Compton, who showed that light scattered by an electron beam changed in color. This showed that particles of light (photons) were indeed colliding with particles of matter (electrons), thus confirming Einstein's hypothesis. By now, it was clear that light could behave both as a wave and a particle, placing light's "wave-particle duality" into the foundation of QM.
Waves of matter?
Since the discovery of the electron in 1896, evidence that all matter existed in the form of particles was slowly building. Still, the demonstration of light's wave-particle duality made scientists question whether matter was limited to acting only as particles. Perhaps wave-particle duality could ring true for matter as well? The first scientist to make substantial headway with this reasoning was a French physicist named Louis de Broglie. In 1924, de Broglie used the equations of Einstein's theory of special relativity to show that particles can exhibit wave-like characteristics, and that waves can exhibit particle-like characteristics. Then in 1925, two scientists, working independently and using separate lines of mathematical thinking, applied de Broglie's reasoning to explain how electrons whizzed around in atoms (a phenomenon that was unexplainable using the equations of classical mechanics). In Germany, physicist Werner Heisenberg (teaming with Max Born and Pascual Jordan) accomplished this by developing "matrix mechanics." Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger developed a similar theory called "wave mechanics." Schrödinger showed in 1926 that these two approaches were equivalent (though Swiss physicist Wolfgang Pauli sent an unpublished result to Jordan showing that matrix mechanics was more complete).
The Heisenberg-Schrödinger model of the atom, in which each electron acts as a wave (sometimes referred to as a "cloud") around the nucleus of an atom replaced the Rutherford-Bohr model. One stipulation of the new model was that the ends of the wave that forms an electron must meet. In "Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry, 3rd Ed." (W.A. Benjamin, 1981), Melvin Hanna writes, "The imposition of the boundary conditions has restricted the energy to discrete values." A consequence of this stipulation is that only whole numbers of crests and troughs are allowed, which explains why some properties are quantized. In the Heisenberg-Schrödinger model of the atom, electrons obey a "wave function" and occupy "orbitals" rather than orbits. Unlike the circular orbits of the Rutherford-Bohr model, atomic orbitals have a variety of shapes ranging from spheres to dumbbells to daisies.
In 1927, Walter Heitler and Fritz London further developed wave mechanics to show how atomic orbitals could combine to form molecular orbitals, effectively showing why atoms bond to one another to form molecules. This was yet another problem that had been unsolvable using the math of classical mechanics. These insights gave rise to the field of "quantum chemistry."
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
life on mars
I thought there is/was no election fraud
all depends on which side of the fence you sit
75 million legal voters sit on one side and the rest the other :hehe:
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
MOZZER2
all depends on which side of the fence you sit
75 million legal voters sit on one side and the rest the other :hehe:
Come on Mozzer, you know there is no fence! It is all a figment of Trump's imagination. The Mexicans haven't paid a single peso!
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
jon1959
Come on Mozzer, you know there is no fence! It is all a figment of Trump's imagination. The Mexicans haven't paid a single peso!
Joe's nightmare is growing in numbers on that border does he stick or twist
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
life on mars
Joe's nightmare is growing in numbers on that border does he stick or twist
Yes the 'numbers' do seem to escalate when it's convenient for the republican propaganda machine.
Re: The Donald Trump thread
propaganda machine Hmmm
so with 18,000 unaccompanied migrant children being held by the US custody coming from Mexico over 5,825 held by border control non being covid tested being controlled by the cartels making lots of money which is a record number i think you need to take your rose tinted glasses off lardy !
just read you tube deleted 2.5 million 'dislikes' from biden white house videos data indicates and some wonder why i use the words 'dark forces '
Re: The Donald Trump thread
the dark forces strikes again now face book banning trumps voice !
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABOEZmRb4EY
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
MOZZER2
Cancel free speech I say, do they do this to everyone or is it now a Democrat only Facebook ,what is Democracy,is it democratic in its nature ? .
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
life on mars
Cancel free speech I say, do they do this to everyone or is it now a Democrat only Facebook ,what is Democracy,is it democratic in its nature ? .
This is the usual mess you can only get by chucking phrases like "free speech" and "democracy" around willnilly, but out of interest which other American politicians have been banned from Facebook?
Wasn't Trump banned for inciting a deadly attack at the home of American democracy at a time when they were ratifying an election? The most democratic of all events.
Wasn't he tweeting about Mike Pence supposedly failing in his duty at the exact moment that the mob had got inside and in the full knowledge that they were chanting "kill Mike Pence"?
Forget all that, and it's a great point that you make!
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
lardy
This is the usual mess you can only get by chucking phrases like "free speech" and "democracy" around willnilly, but out of interest which other American politicians have been banned from Facebook?
Wasn't Trump banned for inciting a deadly attack at the home of American democracy at a time when they were ratifying an election? The most democratic of all events.
Wasn't he tweeting about Mike Pence supposedly failing in his duty at the exact moment that the mob had got inside and in the full knowledge that they were chanting "kill Mike Pence"?
Forget all that, and it's a great point that you make!
Boo hoo hoo. That nasty Joe Biden stole my toys.
I remember you acting stupid and giving them to him, Donald. Now grow up and tell the truth.
Boo hoo hoo. That nasty Joe Biden stole my toys!!!
https://thehill.com/homenews/news/54...t-happy-easter
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
life on mars
Cancel free speech I say, do they do this to everyone or is it now a Democrat only Facebook ,what is Democracy,is it democratic in its nature ? .
think i know where your going and thinking with this LOM .The orange man is now in the process of starting his own social media plat form . What makes me laugh with twitter for example is the dark forces were calling for him to be banned and true to there word thats what happened and lost millions of dollars in the process and yet his name trends almost every week on there .lol
As i mentioned a while back the media need trump more than trump needs the media
talking of social media noticed tonight that over 500 million face book users have been hacked on there platform and personnel details have been distributed on other plat forms . don't think the main stream news has picked up on this yet
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
MOZZER2
think i know where your going and thinking with this LOM .The orange man is now in the process of starting his own social media plat form . What makes me laugh with twitter for example is the dark forces were calling for him to be banned and true to there word thats what happened and lost millions of dollars in the process and yet his name trends almost every week on there .lol
As i mentioned a while back the media need trump more than trump needs the media
talking of social media noticed tonight that over 500 million face book users have been hacked on there platform and personnel details have been distributed on other plat forms . don't think the main stream news has picked up on this yet
You seriously believe that MSM and social media platforms need Donald Trump more than a narcissistic, self-publicising, failed ex-President needs access to both?
You get more deluded by the day Mozz.
Re: The Donald Trump thread
well i think its sad that one side of the political spectrum use one platform and the other use the other
you will now get a 2 tier system where republicans will use trumps media outlet and the democrats will use plat forms like twitter and face book for there own advantage
if we go down this route then as LOM states is this democracy ?
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
MOZZER2
well i think its sad that one side of the political spectrum use one platform and the other use the other
you will now get a 2 tier system where republicans will use trumps media outlet and the democrats will use plat forms like twitter and face book for there own advantage
if we go down this route then as LOM states is this democracy ?
It's not even close to what democracy is. Have a step back and think about what you're talking about.
I asked earlier what other American politicians have been banned from Facebook. Don't think anyone has responded. If the answer is "none except Trump", then your post is nonsense. If republicans choose to only use trump's new social media site (and maybe you should wait until it actually exists before getting excited about it) and not Facebook and Twitter then that's their choice.
My prediction is that absolutely no republicans would be stupid enough to voluntarily stop using FB and Twitter to solely use Trump's.
Re: The Donald Trump thread
i,m totally lost to what you and cyril have said in terms of what LOM said about democracy
i think you will be very surprised how many republicans have ditched or been banned from twitter and face book . theres a huge void waiting to be filed
a 2 tier social media state is looming which is not good news for democracy
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
MOZZER2
i,m totally lost to what you and cyril have said in terms of what LOM said about democracy
i think you will be very surprised how many republicans have ditched or been banned from twitter and face book . theres a huge void waiting to be filed
a 2 tier social media state is looming which is not good news for democracy
Well please name some other republican politicians who have been banned. I won't be surprised until I'm told.
As for lom, free speech and democracy are nothing to do with getting banned from Facebook
Re: The Donald Trump thread
looks like we are getting lost in translation when i say republicans being banned from twitter and face book i,m talking about supporters of trump not politicians
put it this way the parler social network site had an influx of around 50 million supporters when trump was kicked off twitter
when the dark forces realised that parler was a threat to twitter they closed that down
when trump opens up his social media estimates around 90 million will join within the first week
we will now go into a 2 tier political system within social media . the american political landscape will now become a dangerous animal
Re: The Donald Trump thread
You seemed very worried about the future of American democracy. You could do far worse than reading about what happened on Jan 6th, how it happened and why it happened.
Then you might understand why trump was banned, and parler too.
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Anyway, republicans on Twitter...
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p lang="en" dir="ltr">I’ve decided to “identify” as Chinese. Coke will like me, Delta will agree with my “values” and I’ll probably get shoes from Nike & tickets to <a href="https://twitter.com/MLB?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@MLB</a> games. Ain’t America great?</p>— Gov. Mike Huckabee (@GovMikeHuckabee) <a href="https://twitter.com/GovMikeHuckabee/status/1378351326120312836?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 3, 2021</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
Re: The Donald Trump thread
Quote:
Originally Posted by
life on mars
Cancel free speech I say, do they do this to everyone or is it now a Democrat only Facebook ,what is Democracy,is it democratic in its nature ? .
I saw a number of exchanges between you and Heisenburg were removed for some reason, including several where he called you a c~nt.
Can't remember you sticking up for his democratic right to free speech. Obviously if you complained to the mods about it that would make you a hypocrite and that couldn't possibly be the case given the consistency of your posting history now could it Herbie.