I know that the whole area of that part of the Middle East has had different names and covered different areas since the earliest days of the Exodus/Canaan, then the 12 tribes classification, the kingdoms of David and Solomon, the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, and the situation in the time of Jesus. I have maps in the back of the NIV Bible I have, which I refer to.
As I understand it, the name Palestine originally derives from the name Philistia, the land of the Philistine people, who lived along the coast where the Gaza strip is today.
A good summary can be found here:
https://theconversation.com/the-hist...-claims-163156