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Dramatically? you can already stick hundreds of miles in something like a tesla 3 in 20 mins and that charges at 250kw - and we already have 350kw chargers. It is never going to be a 2 minute job to fill it from empty in the way you can with your petrol car, but then rarely would you need/want to charge an EV from empty to full in a way you might normally with an ICE car.
And with access to home charge, it is really simple. I spend no more than a few seconds to charge my car each month, far less than I spent at petrol stations with my diesel.
No idea - I could be wrong but I suspect repeated rapid charging is a Bad Thing for batteries and therefore I sort-of assume that that speed of charge to go from say 10% to 80% charge would be challenging, in particular when the batteries themselves will be presumably getting bigger to offer longer ranges.
As regards petrol stations: not really. I think something like 90%+ of EV charging is done at home and there is no equivalent option for petrol. Obviously for many that is going to be a challenge and so yes the number of charging stations will have to increase, but that is inevitable - but a material amount of refuelling (presumably well over half) will be done at home. You cannot build petrol stations any more and the number of EV charging points is only going to increase. I suspect by the mid 2030s the bigger issue will be - can you find a petrol station to fuel your ICE car if you still have one?